It seems to me that one of the most misunderstood dog training tools out there has got to be the crate. I can’t even begin to tell you how many people I’ve seen recoil after asking me something like how I house trained Jasper and I tell them that he’s been crate trained since he was a puppy.
“You put your dog in a cage?? I’d never do that to my dog, it’s cruel!”
And then in the same breath they ask for advice on some issue they’re having with their dog that could have been avoided if (surprise!) the dog was crate trained.
Don’t get me wrong, it’s easy to see why people would feel that way about crating. After all, they certainly do look like cages and to see a dog in one is sure to conjure up images of neglect in the minds of people who aren’t used to them as a training tool. However, crates are one of the most effective training tools I’ve ever used and, contrary to popular belief, they aren’t cruel at all. In fact, your dog will actually benefit from having one.
No, really.
Before I keep going, let me elaborate on what I mean when I say crate training: A crate (or kennel) is meant to be a safe and quiet place that is used to establish a routine. Dogs thrive off of structure. They are also naturally predisposed to seek out safe spaces that they can call their own, which is why you’ll often find them favouring particular quiet places in the home such as behind a piece of furniture, in a corner or in quiet room, etc.
When you first start to introduce a dog (especially puppies) to a crate there’s a good chance that they’re going to make a fuss about it. Be patient – if you’re consistent in the way you use your dog’s crate (and don’t coddle them!), it won’t take long for them to begin considering it as their own safe space.
Here’s a great story for all you doubters:
A friend of mine has a beautiful 15-week old chocolate lab puppy. Since day one, she has been using a crate – the puppy sleeps there at night and stays there during the day while she is at work (my friend takes her lunch break at home so the puppy can stretch her legs and go potty and such mid-day). It took all of maybe two days for the puppy to learn to love the crate and as such, housebreaking has been a big success.
A couple of weeks ago the family was outside loading some old appliances into the back of a truck. The puppy was romping around the yard as puppies tend to do when suddenly a loud bang (something slipped and crashed into the side of the truck bed) sent her flying fearfully back into the house.
Knowing that rushing to the puppy’s side right away would only encourage fearfulness in her puppy, my friend waited a bit for she went looking for her. She was pleasantly surprised to find the little lab curled up in her crate with her favourite toy, fast asleep.

Pictured: Not my friend's puppy (But you get the idea!)
Things to consider when crate training:
- When crate training a puppy or adult dog that needs to work on their housebreaking, be sure to take them outside as soon as you let them out. This will help to reinforce that they’re supposed to be doing their business outdoors (because, trust me, that’s the first thing they’re probably going to want to do). Staying consistent with this will make housebreaking your dog significantly easier.
- The idea that a dog will not soil where they sleep is true, but only to an extent. If a dog thinks that it has enough space to pee in one corner of the crate and lay down in the other, they’ll do it (and then inevitably walk/lay down in it). A crate should be big enough so that your dog can turn around and lay down comfortably in it with the door closed. If the crate is any smaller you risk harming your dog (now THAT’S what I’ll call cruel crating) and if it’s any bigger you’re likely you’ll end up with a mess on your hands.
Trust me when I tell you to resist the urge to pamper your dog with an extra spacious crate. I learned this lesson the hard way! When I first got Jasper I bought him a crate big enough for the size he was going to be when he finished growing. Holy crap (seriously); big mistake. I woke up every morning and came home every afternoon to a mess. I told our trainer about this and this is when I learned about the turn-around-lay-down sizing for crates. I started using the divider that came with the crate and the messes stopped.
- Crates should not be used to punish problem behaviour. Forcing a dog into their crate when they’ve done something wrong sends mixed messages. Not does this only fail to correct the problem behaviour but it defeats the purpose of the crate being that safe and quiet place that your dog is supposed to feel comfortable in.
- Crate training is going to do a lot more for you and your dog than just help with housebreaking and providing structure in your daily routines. Have you ever been in a situation when you’ve had no choice but to crate a dog that’s not used to it? The shrieking! The whining! The failing!
But if your dog is already used to it, life with as a dog owner just got a whole lot less stressful. Travelling, boarding, visiting friends and relatives, running errands, grooming, overnights at the vet’s office – imagine the freedom!
- Finally, and in my opinion, most importantly, do not leave your dog in a crate for extremely long periods of time. 1) Even if they don’t want to soil their sleeping spot, that doesn’t change the fact that they still need to answer that call of nature at some point (especially true with puppies – those bladders are tiny!), and; 2) That’s no way to live.
If your dog needs to spend long periods of time in a crate, make sure that they also get a lot of time out of it that is filled with exercise, socialization and affection. A crate is not the answer when you “don’t have time” to deal with your dog or just don’t want to. Your dog should not be spending its life in there and if it is, it’s time to revaluate